Name the animals that live in the river. Features, brief description and groups of aquatic animals. Molluscs, cnidarians, crustaceans
All fresh water bodies - from temporary puddles to rivers and lakes - are inhabited by living creatures. Some animals are forced to adapt to the fast flow, others to the periodic drying out of their homes, and others have learned to survive in conditions of fierce competition for food. Inhabitants of reservoirs breathe atmospheric air or oxygen dissolved in water.
Life in fresh water bodies and on their banks is quite diverse; even on different sections of the same river, completely different species of living creatures can live. This is due to the fact that the reservoir can begin high in the mountains and have clean, cold water with a fast flow, so its inhabitants will be adapted to such rather extreme conditions. When this river flows through a valley, its flow will slow down significantly, the water temperature will be slightly higher and other species of fish, amphibians and insects will thrive in it. Today we will talk about various animals from all over our planet that have chosen fresh water bodies as their home.
Big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum)
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Inhabitant of mountain rivers and streams of southern China and Indochina. This is a predatory animal with a shell length of up to 20 cm and hunts aquatic invertebrates, fish and frogs. She has very low fertility: there are only two eggs in the clutch. The big-headed turtle leads a crepuscular lifestyle. Very mobile. Unusual is the ability to climb rocks, bushes and trees well. And the turtle's head is so large that it cannot be pulled under the shell. And the long tail doesn’t fit underneath it either.
Piranhas (Serrasalminae)
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About 25 different species of piranha inhabit the rivers and lakes of tropical regions of South America. These predators attack other species of fish. Most often, their victims are injured or sick individuals. The signal that prompts these fish to attack is the smell of blood. But stories about the bloodthirstiness of piranhas are greatly exaggerated. They become dangerous, as a rule, only in unusual stressful situations. This happens during droughts, when rivers become very dry and fish unwittingly end up crowded in surviving reservoirs. Often the person himself is to blame for their aggressiveness. In many places, it is customary to dump slaughterhouse waste into rivers, thus people accustom fish to meat and the smell of blood.
Gray Heron (Ardeacinerea)
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The largest heron in Europe is also interested in life in fresh water bodies. Its range occupies most of Eurasia. The gray heron inhabits the coastal areas of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. It feeds on coastal and aquatic insects, fish, and frogs. It also preys on lizards, snakes, small birds and mammals, which it finds in coastal thickets. It nests in colonies, often together with other heron species. There are 4-6 eggs in a clutch. In autumn it migrates to Western Europe and Mediterranean countries.
Red-crowned crane (Grusjaponensis)
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Belongs to the rare birds of the world. It is considered one of the most beautiful cranes. It feeds on rhizomes, tubers and succulent shoots of marsh plants, pecking at the same time various small animals. Creates a pair for life. The nest is built in a wetland. The chicks that have hatched desperately fight among themselves, and the parents manage to raise only one crane.
Discus (Symphysodondiscus)
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One of the most beautiful aquarium fish. In the wild, it lives in the fresh waters of the Amazon. Discus fish form married couples that carefully care for the laid eggs, and then for the larvae. When the larvae turn into fry, the most interesting part begins - feeding with “milk”. Fish “milk” is a thick, protein-rich substance secreted from the skin of discus fish and hardens on the sides of the fish in the form of a grayish-yellow coating. In the first days of life, the fry feed on this substance.
Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
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The largest rodent in the world, lives in tropical and subtropical swamps, rivers and lakes of South America. Body length up to 1.5 m, weight up to 50 kg. Feeds on coastal vegetation. Swims and dives beautifully. The female gives birth to 2-4 well-developed cubs, which soon become independent. The capybara lives both in forests and in open areas. It always stays near bodies of water, which is why it received its second name – “capybara”.
Night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)
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One of the most common birds in the world. It is not found only in Australia and northern Eurasia. Inhabitant of shallow swampy reservoirs. It got its name from the peculiar “kwa-kwa” that it calls out during nesting. It feeds on aquatic invertebrates, small fish, amphibians and their larvae. It prefers hunting at dusk, relying on its excellent eyesight and hearing. The night heron is one of the few bird species that can catch fish using bait. Breeds in colonies. A massive nest of branches is placed on trees or reeds. There are 4-5 eggs in a clutch.
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The river and its inhabitants “Cognition” Educator: Sokolova Anna Aleksandrovna MDAU 7 Belogorsk
Peaceful fish - bream, rudd, crucian carp
length up to 50 cm. Has brightly colored fins. The rudd feeds on algae, fry, and eggs of other fish. Loves warm water with a slow flow and muddy bottom. Stays near the coast, loves overgrown places.
Bream live in families led by the leader, the largest fish. They swim in a triangle like a wedge of flying birds. When in danger, they huddle together and break formation. They reach a length of 70 cm.
Crucians live in swampy lakes and rivers. Depending on the color of their scales, crucian carp can be golden or silver; they feed on plants and small animal organisms. In harsh winters they hibernate.
Fish – predators – perch, catfish, pike
It is found in all bodies of water with a quiet current, heavily overgrown with aquatic plants, and lives in flocks. Perches are predators; they eat small fish, fish eggs, crustaceans, worms, and tadpoles.
The large fish has no scales, reaches 5 m in length, lives in rivers and lakes, leads a sedentary lifestyle, living its entire life in one place. Catfish is a predatory fish that feeds on large fish and sometimes waterfowl.
Lives in all rivers, lakes, ponds, often stays in thickets of aquatic vegetation, pike are predatory voracious fish, feed on fish - rudd, roach, perch, also frogs, small rodents that have fallen into the water, small waterfowl, reach 2 meters in length, can live to be 30 years old.
Other inhabitants are crayfish and frog.
Cancer lives in river backwaters, lakes and ponds; during the day they hide under stones, snags, and tree roots. They feed mainly at night, crawling out of their shelters and tracking down prey. It feeds on plant foods and animals. Moving backwards. There are whiskers and a claw.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Comprehensive lesson on cognitive development Topic "River inhabitants"
Target. Clarify and expand children's understanding of fish. Introduce children to the inhabitants of the Volga River, their habitat, appearance and method of feeding. Find the main essential signs of fish. Educate...
The fauna of reservoirs is divided into two main groups according to their habitat. The first is zooplankton, and the second is benthos. Zooplankton live directly in the water column, and benthos inhabit the bottom of the reservoir. Separate groups are formed by organisms that live on certain objects, as well as fish. So, plants and animals of water bodies - what are they?
Plants
They populated the entire aquatic environment. In lakes and streams, in ponds and streams, a wide variety of representatives of the flora world grow and reproduce. Over millions of years of their evolution, they have perfectly adapted to living conditions in water bodies. Some of them are completely immersed in water, while others grow above its surface. Some of them generally live on the border between water, land and air. Let's talk about the most famous of them.
Calamus marsh
It forms large thickets in shallow water. Its leaves are powerful and sword-shaped. Reach a length of up to 1.5 meters. It has a long rhizome covered with traces of dead leaves. These rhizomes are a well-known cure for certain diseases. It is used in cooking (spices) and in cosmetics.
Bulrush
This plant is concentrated along swampy shores. Its rhizome is creeping and has a hollow interior. The thick cylindrical stem rises to a height of up to 2 meters. It is crowned with characteristic brown spikelets collected in a panicle. Short and hard leaves are located at the bottom of the reed stem. The thickets of this plant sometimes surround a pond with an impenetrable wall, providing its inhabitants with reliable shelter.
Water lily
This plant is rarely seen in running waters. It mainly grows in swamps, ponds, creeks and oxbow lakes. Its powerful rhizome has strong adventitious roots, and oval leaves sitting on long petioles float on the water. One of the most beautiful aquatic plants is the snow-white water lily. Many poetic works and legends are dedicated to her.
Its own ecosystem
As you know, living conditions in different types of reservoirs are also different. That is why the species composition of animals living in flowing waters differs significantly from the animal world that settles exclusively in stagnant water. Within the framework of this article, we, of course, will not be able to describe all the diversity of this fauna, but we will note the main ones inhabiting such reservoirs.
Zooplankton
These are the most popular animals living in bodies of water. The term “zooplankton” usually refers to the simplest microorganisms: ciliates, amoebas, flagellates, rhizomes. They serve as food for fry and other small aquatic animals. These organisms are small enough in size that they cannot be seen by the human eye, since this requires a microscope. Let's consider them using the example of amoeba.
Common amoeba
This creature is known to every person who has reached school age. Amoebas are animals of water bodies (photo in the article), which are convinced single-celled loners. These creatures can be found almost everywhere where there is water and particles suitable for food: bacteria, small relatives, dead organic matter.
Amoebas, or rhizomes, are not picky creatures. They live in lakes and seas, crawling on aquatic plants. Sometimes they settle in the intestines of Amoeba and also have their overseas relatives. These are the so-called foraminifera. They inhabit exclusively sea waters.
Cladocera
Zooplankton in standing waters is represented mainly by the so-called Cladocera. These creatures look like this. Their shortened body is enclosed in a shell consisting of two valves. Their head is covered on top with a shell, to which two pairs of special antennae are attached. The rear antennae of these crustaceans are well developed and act as fins.
Each such antennae is divided into two branches with dense feathery bristles. They serve to increase the surface of the swimming organs. On their body under the shell there are up to 6 pairs of swimming legs. Branched crustaceans are typical animals of water bodies; their sizes do not exceed 5 millimeters. These creatures are an irreplaceable part of the reservoir’s ecosystem, because they are food for young fish. So let's move on to the fish.
Pike
Pike and its prey (the fish it feeds on) are fresh water animals. This is a typical predator, widespread in our country. Like other organisms, pike feed differently at different stages of their development. Their fry, having just hatched from the eggs, live directly in shallow water, in shallow bays. It is these waters that are rich in their ecosystem.
Here, pike fry begin to feed heavily on the same crustaceans and protozoan microorganisms that we discussed above. After just two weeks, the fry switch to insect larvae, leeches and worms. The plants and animals of our country's water bodies are different in different regions. We say this to the fact that not so long ago ichthyologists discovered an interesting feature: squinting squirrels living in central Russia already from the age of two months give their preference to young perches and roaches.
From this time on, the diet of young pike begins to expand noticeably. She happily eats tadpoles, frogs, large fish (sometimes twice her size!) and even small birds. Sometimes pikes engage in cannibalism: they eat their fellows. It is worth noting that fish and zooplankton are not the only animals living in water bodies. Let's consider their other inhabitants.
Silver spider
Its second name is water spider. This is an arachnid creature widespread throughout Europe, differing from its relatives in the swimming bristles on the hind legs and three claws on them. It earned its name due to the fact that its abdomen glows with a silver light under water. The spider does not drown thanks to a special water-repellent substance. It can be found in standing or slowly flowing waters.
The silver spider feeds on a variety of small animals that become entangled in the threads of its underwater web. Sometimes he catches his own prey. If his catch turns out to be more than usual, he carefully stores the excess in his underwater nest. By the way, the spider makes its nest by attaching threads to underwater objects. It is open downwards, the water spider fills it with air, turning it into a so-called diving bell.
Common pond snail
Animals that live in bodies of water are largely known to us thanks to our school zoology textbook. This is no exception. These large snails are classified as pulmonate mollusks. They live throughout Europe, Asia, North America and Africa. The largest species of pond snails lives in Russia. The size of this snail is a variable value, since it completely depends on certain living conditions.
His “house” is a solid shell with a single hole at the bottom. As a rule, it is twisted in a spiral by 5-7 turns and expands downwards. Inside the shell is a fleshy mucous body. From time to time it protrudes outward, forming a head on top and a wide and flat leg below. With the help of this leg, the pond snail glides over plants and underwater objects, as if on a ski.
It is not for nothing that we noted that common pond snails are classified as pulmonate mollusks. The fact is that these animals of fresh water bodies breathe atmospheric air, just like you and me. The pond fish, with the help of their “legs,” stick to the underside of the water blanket, open their breathing hole, taking in air. No, they don’t have lungs; under their skin they have a so-called pulmonary cavity. It is in it that the collected air is stored and consumed.
Frogs and Toads
Animals in water bodies are not limited to microorganisms, snails and other small invertebrate creatures. Along with fish, in lakes and ponds you can also see amphibians - frogs and toads. Their tadpoles swim in ponds almost all summer long. In the spring, amphibians stage “concerts”: with the help of their resonator bags, they bawl throughout the surrounding area, laying eggs in the water.
Reptiles
If we talk about which animals in water bodies are reptiles, then here, undoubtedly, we can note that their entire way of life is directly related to the search for food. He hunts frogs. These snakes pose no harm to humans. Unfortunately, many uninformed people kill snakes, mistaking them for poisonous snakes. Because of this, the number of these animals is noticeably decreasing. Another aquatic reptile is, for example, the red-eared turtle. This is what amateur naturalists keep in terrariums.
Birds
Plants and animals of water bodies are largely interconnected with each other, because the former protect the latter! This is especially clearly seen in the case of birds. The attraction of birds to bodies of water is largely explained by the high food supply of these places, as well as excellent protective conditions (reeds and sedges make birds invisible). The bulk of these animals are based on Anseriformes (geese, ducks, swans), passeriformes, copepods, grebes, storks and chariformes.
Mammals
Where would we be without them? Representatives of this class of animals have covered the entire globe, spreading everywhere they can: in the air (bats), in water (whales, dolphins), on land (tigers, elephants, giraffes, dogs, cats), underground (shrews) , moles). Despite this, there are not so many mammals associated with fresh and stagnant waters in our country.
Some of them spend almost their entire lives in bodies of water, without leaving a single step from them (muskrat, weasel, otter, muskrat, beaver), while others prefer to stay not in the water, but next to it. Such animals have well-developed paws between their toes. swimming membranes, and in the ears and nostrils there are special valves that plug these vital openings when the animal is immersed in water.
Reservoirs can be fresh or salty. The first type includes streams, swamps, canals, rivers, lakes, and ponds. Let's consider who lives in them.
A large number of animals live in reservoirs. Fresh water is home to many different insects - a variety of bugs and beetles. There are even more insect larvae in the water. When they become insects, they live in the air above or near bodies of water. These are dragonflies, mosquitoes, water striders, and caddis flies.
Cancers
The largest representative of the crustacean species that lives in fresh water bodies is the river crayfish. Its body length can be twenty centimeters. He is quite picky about the purity of the water and the amount of oxygen it contains. The cancer makes a hole at the bottom of the reservoir under a snag or stone. He stays in it all day long. In the evening he leaves the hole to search for food. It eats small sedentary animals, algae, carrion of fish, worms and snails.
Toads and frogs
Some freshwater bodies are home to various toads and frogs. With the onset of spring, they organize concerts near the water and lay eggs in it. The lake frog, pond frog and toaded toad always live near bodies of water.
Fish
Crucian carp, catfish, carp and pike constantly live in fresh water bodies. They live, breed and eat here.
Animals
The inhabitants of such reservoirs are also animals that have valuable fur. These are beaver, nutria, otter and muskrat.
The main problem is ecology, in other words, water pollution in reservoirs. A large number of pollutants enter the water.
Most often, pollution of water bodies is invisible, due to the fact that the pollution dissolves in water. However, there are exceptions. These are detergents that create foam and petroleum products that float on the surface of the water. Every year about twelve million tons of oil enter the seas and oceans.
There are a number of naturally occurring pollutants. Aluminum formations located in the ground end up in fresh water bodies due to chemical reactions. During floods, magnesium compounds are washed out of meadow soils, causing great damage to fish stocks.
But in most cases, water pollution occurs due to human fault. Every year, several thousand chemical compounds end up in water bodies.
There are many natural bodies of water: ponds, lakes, seas and oceans. But rivers and streams cannot be called reservoirs - they are water streams. There are many different fish in rivers and reservoirs: crucian carp, catfish, carp (also known as carp), bream, gudgeon, sturgeon, pike, perch, cod and many others.
The appearance and behavior of fish depend on their living conditions.
All predatory fish have large heads with large mouths armed with sharp teeth. Non-predatory fish eat worms, crustaceans, algae, they have a small mouth - they do not need to swallow other fish.
Catfish is a predatory fish that swims near the bottom, looking for food. Its abdomen is flat, its back is convex, its large mouth is surrounded by antennae. His eyes are small. The color is grayish-yellow with spots, matching the color of sand and pebbles at the bottom of the reservoir.
Pike is also a predatory fish, it has a large head, a large mouth and sharp teeth. She spends a lot of time in ambush, standing in one place and waiting for prey. Seeing a fish, it quickly swims out of its hiding place and grabs it. When the pike is near the surface of the water, it catches midges and mosquitoes falling into the river, sometimes even jumping out of the water to do this. Therefore, its mouth is directed upward, its back is flat, its body is flattened.
In winter, during severe frosts, a strong ice roof appears above the fish’s heads—ice. Pisces usually sleep in winter. Crucian carp and tench burrow into the silt at the bottom of reservoirs; minnows and bleaks winter in depressions with a sandy bottom; carp and bream hide in deep holes overgrown with reeds; sturgeons gather in tight heaps at the bottom, where the water does not freeze. After all, the deeper the water, the warmer it is. By the end of winter, fish begin to run out of air. Gasping and convulsively opening their round mouths, they rise to the surface, grabbing air bubbles with their lips. To enrich water with oxygen, people make ice holes in ponds, rivers and lakes. Near them on the ice you can often see fishermen engaged in ice fishing.
By spring, all the fish wake up and begin to spawn - spawn. To do this, they find secluded places so that the eggs cannot be eaten by other fish and animals. Over time, fry appear from the eggs, very small, gray, transparent. They are almost invisible in the water, but many of them still die when they get into the mouths of fish. The surviving fry grow and become adult fish.
Some fish do not spawn; they will give birth to live fry. Children can see their birth by watching the fish in the aquarium (guppies, barbs).
Flying fish live in some large bodies of water. Fleeing from predators, they jump out of the water and fly about three to five meters. In the seas and oceans they can fly through the air up to two hundred meters, while they flap their fins like wings. There are known cases when fish flew onto the decks of passing ships.
In addition to fish, many different animals live in rivers and other bodies of water: snails, collecting food, crawl along the bottom and plants, and hide from enemies in a house - a hard shell; crayfish move not forward, but backward, pushing off with two claws and leaning on their tail. They are dark in color, matching the color of the river bottom. People learned to catch them, as crayfish meat is very tasty. If you pick up a crayfish carelessly, it may pinch your hand painfully with its claws. Boiled crayfish take on a bright red color.
Frogs can live in water and on land; jumping on the grass, they catch insects with their tongue. Frogs are very shy: when they hear footsteps, they quickly jump into the water and dive into the depths. When everything calms down, they look out of the water and inspect the shore: if there is no one there, they go out onto land to warm themselves and catch midges.
Also in reservoirs there are leeches, water bugs, small crustaceans of daphnia (fish in aquariums are fed dry daphnia), etc.
Large animals live in the seas and oceans: dolphins, walruses, seals, squids. But the largest animal on earth that lives in water is the whale. Thirty elephants can fit on his back; but there are also small whales - two to three meters long. Whales breathe with their lungs, not their gills. In their nose they have an overgrown nostril, in which air is stored, like in a bag, so they can stay under water for two hours, after which they rise to the surface to take in a new portion of fresh air, and then many fountains can be observed above the sea. A whale's stomach holds two to three tons of food; whales swim at a speed of fifty kilometers per hour and dive to a depth of three kilometers. They give birth to live cubs that feed on their mother's milk. Whales live up to fifty years. The whale is a valuable animal: whalebone, skin, liver and fat are used in the manufacture of medicines.
Fish story plan
1.Name.
2. Body parts.
3.Behavior.
4.What does it eat?
5. How offspring appear.
6.What's the use?
Sample story about fish
Crucian carp is a non-predatory fish. His body is elongated, flattened laterally; there are pectoral, dorsal and caudal fins; His mouth is small and he breathes through gills. Covered with scales of an inconspicuous gray color, matching the color of the bottom and driftwood. Crucian carp spend whole days looking for food at the bottom of reservoirs, pulling worms out of the sand, catching water bugs, daphnia, and plucking small leaves in thickets of plants. Its enemy is the pike; it watches for prey in cover, so the crucian carp is always on the alert. Thanks to its narrow body, it can instantly wag its tail, bend its entire body and immediately disappear. In winter, he buries himself in the sand and sleeps. By spring it wakes up and swims to its favorite place to spawn.
People eat fried, salted, smoked and boiled fish; fish soup is called "ukha".
Sample dictionary
Nouns: fin, gills, abdomen, scales, fry, caviar, silt, snag, ice hole, bubbles, ambush, crustaceans - daphnia, shelter, shell, claw.